Foundational Black Americans Grio
Literary Canon
FreedomPrimary SourceFBA Grio Verified Source

Special Field Orders No. 15

General William T. Sherman

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1865

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Freedom

3-Minute Summary

Issued January 16, 1865, Sherman's order set aside 400,000 acres of confiscated Confederate land along the South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida coasts for settlement by formerly enslaved people — 40 acres per family. President Andrew Johnson revoked the order in the fall of 1865.

Why It Matters

Special Field Orders No. 15 is the origin of '40 acres and a mule.' Its revocation by Johnson — returning land to former Confederates — is the foundational broken promise of Reconstruction and the origin of the racial wealth gap.

Important Passages

'The islands from Charleston south, the abandoned rice-fields along the rivers for thirty miles back from the sea, and the country bordering the St. Johns River, Florida, are reserved and set apart for the settlement of the negroes now made free by the acts of war and the proclamation of the President of the United States.'

Where to Read

National Archives (free)

Verified: National Archives

Key People

William T. Sherman

Edwin Stanton

Andrew Johnson

Freedmen's Bureau

Key Policies & Events

Land redistributionReconstructionFreedmen's BureauRevocation of land grants