Foundational Black Americans Grio
Literary Canon
ResistancePrimary SourceFBA Grio Verified Source

Plessy v. Ferguson (163 U.S. 537)

U.S. Supreme Court

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1896

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Resistance

3-Minute Summary

The Supreme Court's 7-1 decision upholding Louisiana's Separate Car Act, establishing the 'separate but equal' doctrine that provided constitutional cover for Jim Crow segregation for 58 years. Justice Harlan's lone dissent predicted the decision's consequences.

Why It Matters

Plessy is the legal foundation of Jim Crow. Reading the majority opinion and Harlan's dissent together reveals how the Court chose to interpret the 14th Amendment in a way that betrayed its purpose — and how one justice saw clearly what the others refused to see.

Important Passages

'Our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens.' — Harlan dissent

Where to Read

Library of Congress (free)

Verified: Library of Congress, Supreme Court

Key People

Homer Plessy

Justice Henry Billings Brown

Justice John Marshall Harlan

Albion Tourgée

Key Policies & Events

Separate but equal doctrineJim Crow laws14th Amendment interpretation