Foundational Black Americans Grio
Literary Canon

Black Wall Street: From Riot to Renaissance in Tulsa's Greenwood District

Hannibal B. Johnson

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1998

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Builders

3-Minute Summary

Documents the history of Tulsa's Greenwood District — the wealthiest Black community in America — from its founding through the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre, in which white mobs destroyed 35 blocks and killed hundreds of Black residents, and the community's subsequent rebuilding.

Why It Matters

The Tulsa Race Massacre was one of the worst acts of domestic terrorism in American history and was suppressed from public memory for decades. Greenwood's story is the definitive example of Black wealth creation — and its deliberate destruction.

Where to Read

Available at public libraries and online booksellers

Key People

O.W. Gurley

Greenwood community leaders

Dick Rowland

Key Policies & Events

Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921Reparations for Tulsa survivorsOklahoma state suppression of massacre history