Foundational Black Americans Grio
Literary Canon
FreedomPrimary SourceFBA Grio Verified Source

15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

United States Congress

·

1870

·

Freedom

3-Minute Summary

Ratified February 3, 1870, the 15th Amendment prohibited denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. It was systematically undermined by poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses, and terror for nearly a century.

Why It Matters

The gap between the 15th Amendment's ratification in 1870 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 — 95 years — is the measure of how thoroughly the promise of Reconstruction was betrayed. The amendment's text and its history of nullification are both essential.

Important Passages

'The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.'

Where to Read

National Archives (free)

Verified: National Archives

Key People

Ulysses S. Grant

Hiram Revels

Blanche K. Bruce

Key Policies & Events

Voting Rights Act of 1965Poll taxesLiteracy testsGrandfather clauses