Foundational Black Americans Grio
Literary Canon
FreedomPrimary SourceFBA Grio Verified Source

14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

United States Congress

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1868

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Freedom

3-Minute Summary

Ratified July 9, 1868, the 14th Amendment granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, guaranteed equal protection under the law, and established due process rights. It was designed to protect formerly enslaved people from state-level discrimination.

Why It Matters

The 14th Amendment is the constitutional foundation of civil rights law. Every major civil rights case — from Brown v. Board to contemporary equal protection claims — rests on it. FBAs should know its text.

Important Passages

'No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.'

Where to Read

National Archives (free)

Verified: National Archives

Key People

Thaddeus Stevens

John Bingham

Hiram Revels

Key Policies & Events

Equal Protection ClauseDue Process ClauseCitizenship ClauseCivil Rights Act of 1866