Foundational Black Americans Grio
Literary Canon
FreedomPrimary SourceFBA Grio Verified SourceEssential FBA 25

13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

United States Congress

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1865

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Freedom

3-Minute Summary

Ratified December 6, 1865, the 13th Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude — except as punishment for crime. That exception clause became the legal foundation for convict leasing and mass incarceration.

Why It Matters

The amendment that ended slavery contains the exception that enabled its continuation in another form. Reading the actual text — all 43 words — is essential to understanding both the promise of emancipation and its betrayal.

Important Passages

'Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States.'

Where to Read

National Archives (free)

Verified: National Archives

Key People

Thaddeus Stevens

Charles Sumner

Abraham Lincoln

Key Policies & Events

Abolition of slaveryConvict leasing13th Amendment exception clause